Steps to Boost Beans Yield: How to Increase Production, Quality

Steps to Boost Beans Yield: How to Increase Production, Quality

Beans belong to the Leguminosae family. They are considered a nutritious vegetable as they contain a high amount of vegetable protein. The pods can be green, yellow, red, or purple, depending on the variety. It is used as a vegetable and is eaten as a dried bean or raw bean. Follow these simple steps to get the most out of the beans. Let’s take a look at the top 15 steps to improve bean yield.

Top 15 steps to boost Beans yield

Step 1: Soil requirement for better Bean yield

Beans grow best in slightly acid-neutral soils, with pH between 6 and 7. Clay or silt loams are better for Bean production than sandy soils, although good drainage is essential. Use well-decomposed manure or compost when planting to increase soil organic matter. Please do not use any fertilizer that contains herbicides, as it can kill your vegetable plants.

Although it can be grown on any soil, loams and clay loams are best for higher yields. If you plant Beans in the sun, your yield will be better, although they will survive in partial shade at the cost of a smaller crop. 

Step 2: Land preparation for good plant growth

Bean requires a bold and hard seed coat completed by total essential cultivation such as plowing, harrowing or discing, and planning. A good seedbed requires soft but compact soil, adequate moisture and herbaceous, and pre-harvest plant debris. The acidic soil of the hills should be treated with lime before sowing.

The soil is plowed 2 to 3 times with a power tiller or spade to prepare the field. Beans grow well in nutritious soils with good drainage. Properly loosen the soil to break up any clay-like structure. Beans are nitrogen-fixing plants; they can make the soil more fertile by drawing nitrogen. Just compost your soil, and you will be good to go to the next planting stage.

Step 3: Best place to plant Beans

The best places have full sun (partial shade is tolerated, but this reduces yields), average fertility, well-drained soil (but consistently moist), and good air circulation. If Bean plant diseases have been a problem in recent years, do not replant in the same place, as bacterial and fungal diseases can re-attack in more winters. 

Step 4: Select high yield varieties

There are many classes and types of Beans available, and a farmer decides based on the growing area (i.e., soil type and climate), production (i.e., growth potential), and markets (i.e., selling places). Some of the high yield varieties are;

Arka Arjun – Plants are bushy, vigorous, and insensitive. The pods are green, smooth, and stringless. Suitable for both spring and summer. Resistant to MYMV disease. Pod yield is 17 tons per hectare in 70 days. 

Arka Anoop – Resistance to both rust and bacterial blight. The pods are long, flat, and straight. Pod yield is 20 tons per hectare in 70-75 days. 

Arka Bold – Plants are bushy. The pods are flat stringless, fleshy, crisp, extra-large (16 cm), and medium long. Rust resistant. Production capacity of 15 tons/hectare in 70 days. 

Arka Komal – Resistance to both rust and bacterial blight. Pods are long, flat, and straight. The pod yield is 20 tons per hectare in 70-75 days. 

Arka Sharath – It has round, stringless smooth pods suitable for steamed Beans. Pods are crispy, fleshy, and perfectly round without parchment. The plants are bushy and are suitable for both Kharif and Rabi seasons. It has a high production capacity of 18.5 tons per hectare in 70 days.

Arka Suvidha – Pods are straight, oval, light green, fleshy, wireless, and crisp. Duration 70 days. Pod production is 19 tons/hectare. 

Arka Sukomal – It is high yielding rust-resistant pole Bean variety. Pod production is 24 tons per hectare in 100 days. 

Step 5: Tips for making Bean plants grow fast

Regardless of their type, growing Beans do not require additional fertilizer but require constant irrigation, especially during budding and pod arrangement. Water the Bean plants one inch (2.5 cm) per week, depending on the weather conditions. Water in the morning so that the plants can dry out quickly and avoid fungal diseases. 

Step 6: Installing trellis for plant development

Plant trails in your ground to support the plant before sowing the seeds if you plan to plant pole Beans. Place the trellis exactly where you plan to grow your Beans. As the Bean plant matures, it will move around the installed trails. Ensure your trails are planted deep in the ground to prevent falling and protect plants from damage. 

Step 7: Bean fertility and crop nutrition for improving crop yield

• Proper fertilizer will increase crop yields. 
• It will promote the early growth of the crop. 
• It will reduce the abortion of flower buds. 
• It will increase the product quality in terms of size, shape, taste, and flavor. 

Step 8: Nutrients for good Bean formation

Before deciding on the nutritional activity of any crop for your Bean crop, it is always advisable to analyze the soil. 

Nitrogen production – The main reason Beans do not need more nutrients is that they can produce nitrogen. Like all legumes, Beans have a symbolic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. These bacteria form nodules on the roots of Bean plants. This process takes some time, especially if you have never grown Beans in the area. To speed up nitrogen accuracy, wash Bean seeds with bacterial inoculant Rhizobium phaseoli, stimulating bacterial growth.

Phosphorus – Phosphorus mainly helps in the growth of the root system of Bean plants. Since Beans are not a rich source of many nutrients, a 3-inch compost layer may be all that is needed for the Bean plant to grow. However, if the test shows that the soil is deficient in phosphorus, use 5-10-10 fertilizers or add 1 pound of bone meal per 100 square feet for light nutrient intake. 

Potassium – Potassium is a helpful player in the growth of Bean plants. Although it does not directly affect stem or root growth like phosphorus and nitrogen, it does keep plants healthy enough to support that growth. A light feeding of compost is generally all Bean plants need adequate potassium. 

Step 9: Tips for optimal plant growth

In addition to good growth nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, Beans also require small amounts of calcium, manganese, and iron. Your soil may have the right amount of these nutrients, especially if you replace it with compost or manure every year. Beans also need warm soil, constant moisture, and at least six to eight hours of sunlight each day to thrive.

Bean seeds do not germinate well in cool, moist soil, so wait until after the last expected frost to plant them. Potassium should be added to Bean plants while Beans are prepared to accelerate the growth process and increase quality. 

Step 10: Reason for the flowers falling without making pods

• Normal early season drop – Most Bean plants naturally leave some flowers early in the season. It will pass quickly, and soon, the Bean plant will produce pods. 
• Lack of pollinators – While many Beans are fertile, some are not. And fertil plants will produce better if they get some help from the pollinators. 
• High temperatures – Bean flowers will fall when the temperature is too high (usually above 29 C). Excessive heat makes it difficult for the Bean plant to keep itself alive and drop its flowers. 
• The soil is very wet – Bean plants bloom in very wet soil but will not produce pods. This is because wet soil prevents plants from getting adequate nutrients from the soil, and bean plants will be unable to support the pods.
• Too much fertilizer – Although piling on the fertilizer may seem like a good idea, it can often cause problems, especially with Beans. Bean plants, which are high in nitrogen, have difficulty producing pods. It will also cause the Bean plants to produce fewer flowers overall. 
• Not enough water – As temperatures rise, Bean plants that receive very little water are stressed and drop their flowers because they need to focus on keeping the mother plant alive. 
• Not enough sunlight – Bean plants need five to seven hours to produce Beans and eight to 10 hours to produce Beans well. Lack of sunlight can be caused by incorrectly locating plants or placing Bean plants too close to each other. 
• Diseases and Insects – Diseases and insects can weaken the Bean plant. Bean plants that have become weak will focus on keeping themselves alive instead of making Beans. 

Step 11: Controlling weeds for high-quality Beans

Frequent, shallow cultivation will eliminate weeds before they become a problem. Bean plants form a deep taproot, but some of their lateral roots are also close to the ground surface, so it is important not to cultivate too deep. Be careful not to damage the plants while planting. A dense stand of bushes will discourage the weed inside the row. Mulching with weed-free grass clippings or other organic matter to a depth of three to four inches can help prevent weed growth, which reduces the need for repetitive cultivation. 

Step 12: Pest management for increasing yield

Farmers work hard to manage anything that would reduce the health of their Bean plants. Potential enemies of the Bean plant include weeds, pests, and diseases. Farmers use various techniques to control these pests, including crop rotation, tillage, row spacing, and some pesticides and herbicides (if necessary). Some types are designed to be resistant to pests. These varieties are very helpful in growing healthy, high-quality Beans with low input. Unfortunately, many types of Beans are affected by the disease.

However, most Bean problems can be prevented by selecting and applying disease-resistant varieties. It also helps rotate the Beans at least every other year and follow proper watering and spacing guidelines. Many fungi species live in the soil, which can wreak havoc on Bean crops, and as a result, Beans do not grow. The roots may die, and the leaves may turn yellow. Plants can show color and poor growth. Ensure the Beans are planted in well-drained soil, as excess moisture is a suitable environment for fungus growth. 

Step 13: Reasons for Bean leaves turn yellow

One of the causes of yellow color leaves in Beans is excessive watering. When the soil is wet or not well-drained, plants get absorbed in water, which can cause root rot, leading to yellow leaves. Nitrogen deficiency can also cause your Bean leaves to turn yellow. You can apply fertilizer after harvesting and planting in the fall, rotate nitrogen-fixing crops, or use high nitrogen commercial fertilizer.

Diseases like mildew in the soil can ruin your hard work. It can cause your Bean leaves to turn yellow as the roots may begin to die. These fungi work well in wet soils. To avoid them, plant your Beans in well-drained soil. Bean rust is also caused by fungus. In this case, the plant leaves turn yellow and then fall off. Insects such as aphids can cause yellowing of your leaves and wrinkles on the affected area. Eating aphids on your Bean plant is that it stops and therefore causes damage.